玉米自交系籽粒产量密度效应分析

本试验选择20个玉米自交系,设置低密度6.75万株/hm2和高密度11.25万株/hm2两个处理,对群体籽粒产量和单株平均籽粒产量进行分析。结果表明:所有自交系的单株平均籽粒产量,低密度处理均高于高密度处理;有16个玉米自交系的群体籽粒产量与相应的单株平均籽粒产量呈负相关性;各自交系在对应的两个密度条件下,单株平均籽粒产量间差异显著;11.25万株/hm2密度可作为当前开展耐密种质鉴定、耐密育种和耐密生理研究的适宜密度。     

奶牛腹腔巨噬细胞的分离与鉴定

以无血清的RPMI-1640培养液灌洗奶牛腹腔,分离获取奶牛腹腔巨噬细胞,在含10%小牛血清的RPMI-1640培养液中培养。采用倒置显微镜观察细胞形态,并通过瑞氏染色计算其纯度。结果表明,采用无血清的RPMI-1640培养液灌洗奶牛腹腔,能够获得较高纯度的巨噬细胞,能为奶牛胞内寄生菌存活机制的研究提供很好的试验材料。     

生活垃圾焚烧处理设施周边环境重金属污染健康风险评价

采用US EPA环境健康风险评价模型,评估了垃圾焚烧对周边环境的健康风险.结果表明:Cr对儿童经呼吸暴露致癌风险值在2.15×10-4～5.75×10-4间,对成人的风险值在8.59×10-4～2.30×10-3间,均超过风险临界值(1×10-4);As和Pb对儿童和成人风险最大值分别为1.84×10-6和1.60×10-6;各金属风险依次为:Cr＞As＞Pb,随距焚烧炉距离增加而降低,且儿童风险低于成人.经皮肤粘滞的致癌风险为成人高于儿童,但均低于安全值,风险大小依次为:As＞Pb＞Cr.经口暴露的致癌风险儿童高于成人,均低于安全值,顺序依次为:Cr＞Pb＞As.该区域Tl对儿童的综合危害指数HI在1.02～1.40,大于安全值1,对成人的HI最大值为:0.194;Cr对儿童的HI在0.633～1.37间,对成人的HI在0.541～1.21间;Ni、Cu、Zn、Cd、As、Hg对成人和儿童危害指数最大值分别为:4.66×10-1、1.58×10-2、1.15×10-2、9.40×10-1、4.83×10-1、1.91×104,各金属的HI依次为:Cr＞Tl＞Cd＞As＞Ni＞Cu＞Zn＞Hg.整个研究区域Tl(对儿童)和Cr存在一定的健康风险.     

QTL Mapping for Stalk Related Traits in Maize (Zea mays L.) Under Different Densities

Stalk related traits, comprising plant height (PH), ear height (EH), internode number (IN), average internode length (AIL), stalk diameter (SD), and ear height coefficient (EHC), are significantly correlated with yield, density tolerance, and lodging resistance in maize. To investigate the genetic basis for stalk related traits, a doubled haploid (DH) population derived from a cross between NX531 and NX110 were evauluated under two densities over 2 yr. The additive quantitative trait loci (QTLs), epistatic QTLs were detected using inclusive composite interval mapping and QTL-by-environment interaction were detected using mixed linear model. Differences between the two densities were significant for the six traits in the DH population. A linkage map that covered 1 721.19 cM with an average interval of 10.50 cM was constructed with 164 simple sequence repeat (SSR). Two, two, seven, six, two, and eight additive QTLs for PH, IN, AIL, EH, SD, and EHC, respectively. The extend of their contribution to penotypic variation ranged from 10.10 to 31.93%. Seven QTLs were indentified simultaneously under both densities. One pair, two pairs and one pair of epistatic effects were detected for AIL, SD and EHC, respectively. No epistatic effects were detected for PH, EH, and IN. Nineteen QTLs with environment interactions were detected and their contribution to phenotypic variation ranged from 0.43 to 1.89%. Some QTLs were stably detected under different environments or genetic backgrounds comparing with previous studies. These QTLs could be useful for genetic improvement of stalk related traits in maize breeding.     

分宜县魁栗板栗区划及其栽培技术

根据魁栗板栗对气候的要求,分析了分宜县种植的利弊条件,及降水在不同区域、不同月份分布的特点,尤其是暴雨出现的频率及其危害,结合魁栗主要生育期所需气候条件等,区划出最适宜区、适宜区、次适宜区、非适宜区.建议分宜规模发展魁栗板栗应选有利地形建园,并做好防涝和病虫害防治等栽培工作.     

Nitric oxide alleviates adverse salt-induced effects by improving the photosynthetic performance and increasing the anti-oxidant capacity of eggplant (Solanum melongena L.)

Summary

Nitric oxide (NO) is an active molecule involved in many physiological functions in plants. To characterise the roles of NO in the tolerance of eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) to salt stress, the protective effects of exogenous sodium nitroprusside (SNP), a donor of NO, applied at different concentrations (0, 0.05, 0.1, or 0.2 mM), on plant biomass, photosynthesis, and anti-oxidant capacity were evaluated. The application of SNP alleviated the suppression of growth in eggplant under salt stress, as reflected by a higher accumulation of biomass. In parallel with growth, the application of SNP to salt-stressed plants resulted in enhanced photosynthetic parameters such as the net photosynthetic rate (P_n), stomatal conductance (g_s), transpiration rate (T_r), and intercellular CO₂ concentration (C_i), as well as an increased quantum efficiency of PSII (F_v/F_m), efficiency of excitation capture of open PSII centres (F_v’/F_m’), quantum yield of PSII ( _psii) and photochemical quenching coefficient (qP). Furthermore, exogenous SNP also reduced significantly the rate of production of O₂^{? –} radicals and the concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA) and H₂O₂. It also increased the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), guaiacol peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) in eggplant leaves grown under salt stress. The results indicated that the protective effects of NO against salt stress in eggplant seedlings were most likely mediated through improvements in photosynthetic performance and the stimulation of anti-oxidant capacity.     

白木香良种‘热科2号’的DNA条形码分子鉴定

奇楠沉香为极具收藏及药用价值的上品沉香,其鉴定目前以化学方法为主,但其种苗从苗期至采香之间则难以用传统分类和化学方法进行鉴定,DNA条形码的发展为这一产业难题的解决提供了新的思路。本研究在明确白木香良种‘热科2号’可产奇楠沉香的基础上,采用11对植物DNA条形码通用引物对‘热科2号’和普通白木香两个沉香品种进行分子鉴定探索,发现改良的CTAB法更适合白木香叶片样本的DNA提取,继而发现ITS、ITS2和源自叶绿体的8个DNA条形码在两个品种均无变异,而ITS1序列的第159个碱基在‘热科2号’中为T,在普通白木香中为A,多样本实验证明该变异位点可以作为‘热科2号’和普通白木香种苗鉴定的分子标记。本研究结果为白木香良种‘热科2号’及其幼苗的鉴定提供分子水平的技术支持,也为白木香良种的溯源提供新的思路。     

Bioevaluation of human serum albumin-hesperidin bioconjugate: insight into protein vector function and conformation

Hesperidin is a flavanone glycoside widely available for dietary intake in citrus fruits or citrus fruit derived products; however, exhaustive and reliable data are scarcely available for biological activity when it exerts protective health effects in humans. The principal intent of this work is to check binding domain and structural changes of human serum albumin (HSA), the primary carrier of flavonoids, in blood plasma association with hesperidin by employing molecular modeling, steady state and time-resolved fluorescence, and circular dichroism (CD) methods. From molecular modeling simulations, subdomains IIA and IIIA, which correspond to Sudlow's sites I and II, respectively, were earmarked to possess affinity for hesperidin, but the affinity of site I with flavanone is greater than that of site II. This corroborates the site-specific probe and hydrophobic 8-anilino-1-naphthalenesulfonic acid (ANS) displacement results placing the hesperidin at warfarin-azapropazone and indole-benzodiazepine sites. Steady state and time-resolved fluorescence manifested that static type, due to HSA-hesperidin complex formation (1.941 × 10(4) M(-1)), is the operative mechanism for the diminution in the tryptophan (Trp)-214 fluorescence. Moreover, via alterations in three-dimensional fluorescence and CD spectral properties, we can securely draw the conclusion that the polypeptide chain of HSA is partially destabilized after conjugation with hesperidin. We anticipate that this study can provide better knowledge of bioavailability such as absorption, biodistribution, and elimination, of hesperidin in vivo, to facilitate the comprehension of the biological responses to physiologically relevant flavanones.     

近50年黄河流域气温和降水量变化特征分析

利用黄河流域54个气象站点1961-2010年气象数据,探讨近50a黄河流域气温和降水量的变化趋势特征。结果表明:(1)黄河流域年降水量变化具有明显的空间差异,总体表现为上游地区增多、中游地区减少的特点。春季上游降水量呈显著增加趋势,秋季中游显著减少,冬季全流域降水量均呈显著增加趋势,其中下游增幅最大。年内降水量显著增加的时段主要集中在1-3月和12月;(2)黄河流域气温变化呈显著升高趋势,平均最高气温和最低气温变化具有明显的不对称性,平均最低气温变化对平均气温升高的贡献率大于平均最高气温。平均最高气温、平均气温和平均最低气温全流域均表现为冬季增幅最大,夏季和秋季则为流域上游增幅最大。月平均气温显著增加的站点比例最高,月最高气温显著增加的站点比例最小,且均集中在2月。(3)全流域冬季出现暖湿化趋势,春季上游出现暖湿化趋势,而秋季中游出现暖干化趋势。     

粉煤灰和聚丙烯酰胺固沙效果的风洞试验

寻找经济高效的固沙措施对于防治风沙危害具有重要意义。该文采用室内风洞试验,研究了不同粉煤灰施用率(10%,20%和30%)的固沙效果及在粉煤灰最佳施用率的基础上不同聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)施用率(0.05%和0.1%)对其的强化作用。试验研究结果表明,沙土施加粉煤灰后起动风速显著提高,施加PAM进一步小幅提高其起动风速;粉煤灰施用率为20%的沙土可以最有效地抵御8m/s净风和风沙流历时10min的吹蚀;施加粉煤灰的沙土在14m/s净风和风沙流历时10min的吹蚀条件下发生中度风蚀,其风蚀率随着粉煤灰施用率的增大而呈逐步降低的趋势;施加粉煤灰和PAM的沙土可以有效地抵御14m/s风沙流历时30min的吹蚀;从经济意义上考虑,推荐粉煤灰施用率为20%和PAM施用率为0.05%的用量水平处理用于风蚀防治。